Non-stop flux city. How does civil security policy keep city always running?

摘要

Urbanisation by itself does not increase vulnerability, but cities concentrate activities, infrastructures and populations. Even if we consider controversies on the increase of frequency and severity of hazards -either natural, technological or environmental-,the growing interconnectedness in cities means that major disaster events can affect higher proportion of lives and livelihoods. The awareness of urban system vulnerability has risen in local public policies since 1990's. Today, representatives and public managers recognize the end of zero-risk society. They work on risk warning and crises management. In local context, the paper shows concretively how the concept of resilience draws the shift from risk reduction to risk mitigation. Organisation of safeguard in case of disasters, on a municipal level, are assigned to civil security policies. Although civil protection means of action were largely under-estimated during past twenty years in France, it is today responsible for resilience assessment and implementation