Developments in high resolution traffic sensors over the past decades are providing a wealth of empirical speed-flow data. Travel demand models use speed-flow relationships to assign traffic flows to network links. However, speed-flow relationships have not been revalidated against new detailed traffic sensor data. Therefore, it is necessary to revisit speed-flow relationships based on actual measured conditions on network links rather than assuming constant speed-flow relationships over entire highway network systems. Speed-flow relationships have been particularly difficult to calibrate and estimate when traffic volumes approach capacity, i.e. when the v/c ratio approaches one. This thesis empirically evaluates the speed-flow relationships for v/c u3c 1 using field data. For congested conditions (v/c u3e 1) a theoretical approach is taken. A new methodology to determine the distribution of the activation of bottlenecks, bottleneck duration, and bottleneck deactivation is proposed. This thesis is a new contribution to understand the stochastic nature of freeway capacity as well as bottleneck duration, activation, and deactivation. Unlike previous research efforts, this thesis studies speed-flow relationships at the lane level and later presents a method to estimate speed-flow relationships at the link level.
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机译:在过去的几十年中,高分辨率交通传感器的发展提供了丰富的经验速度流数据。出行需求模型使用速度-流量关系将流量分配给网络链接。但是,尚未针对新的详细交通传感器数据重新验证速度-流量关系。因此,有必要根据网络链路上的实际测量条件重新审视速度-流量关系,而不是在整个高速公路网络系统上假设恒定的速度-流量关系。当流量接近容量时,即v / c比接近一时,速度-流量关系尤其难以校准和估计。本文利用实地数据对v / c u3c 1的速度-流量关系进行了经验评估。对于拥挤的情况(v / c u3e 1),采用一种理论方法。提出了一种确定瓶颈激活分布,瓶颈持续时间和瓶颈失活的新方法。本论文为理解高速公路通行能力的随机性以及瓶颈持续时间,激活和停用提供了新的贡献。与之前的研究工作不同,本论文研究了车道级的速度-流量关系,随后提出了一种估算链路级的速度-流量关系的方法。
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