The Teaching Effectiveness of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches in the English Reading Comprehension of Grade VIII Students of SMP N 3 Yogyakarta.

摘要

There are four major problems faced by the students in reading comprehension. The students still have difficulty in finding a general overview of the text, identifying the meaning of words, finding the main idea, and finding explicit and implicit information. The purposes of this study are to determine: (1) the effectiveness of the bottom-up and top-down approaches in students’ reading comprehension of narrative texts; and (2) the more effective approach of bottom-up and top-down approaches in improving the students’ reading comprehension of narrative texts.udThe research was quasi-experimental. The population was all of the grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 3 Yogyakarta. The sample was students of class VIII A, B, and F of SMP Negeri 3 Yogyakarta established using the simple cluster random sampling technique. Class VIII F was as the experiment group 1, class VIII B was as the experiment group 2, and class VIII A was as control group. The data were collected using a test. The validity of the instrument was measured in terms of content validity. The reliability of the instrument was stated good with r (pretest) 0.754 and r (posttest) = 0.820. The data were analyzed using the formula of One-Way ANOVA followed by Scheffe test supported by SPSS 16.00 for windows program.udThe result of the research shows that there are differences in teaching effectiveness using the bottom-up approach, top-down approach, and conventional with F = 16.175 and p ≤ 0.05. The results of the analysis using the Scheffe test show that (1) the bottom-up approach is effective to be applied in the students’ reading comprehension of narrative texts (p ≤ 0.05); (2) the top-down approach is effective to be applied in the students’ reading comprehension of narrative texts (p = 0.031 ≤ 0.05); and (3) the bottom-up approach is more effective than top-down approach in the students’ reading comprehension of narrative texts (mean difference = 7.88696 and Sig. = 0.010 ≤ 0.05).