THE ASPECTS OF NATURALISM IN STEPHEN CRANE’S MAGGIE: A GIRL OF THE STREETS

摘要

The objectives of the research are to find some aspects of naturalism in Maggie: AudGirl of the Streets, to prove and to give information to the readers about how far thisudnovel fulfils the requirements of the naturalism genre. Structuralism approach is used toudanswer the problems of this research.udThis research is a descriptive-qualitative study. The subject of this research is audnovel entitled Maggie: A Girl of the Streets written by Stephen Crane. The data wereudsome phrases, clauses, sentences, and discourses related to the characteristics ofudnaturalism genre. The key instrument of this research was the researcher herself with theudconcepts that there must be some reasons why this novel is categorized as naturalisticudnovel which were drawn from the theory by Donald Pizer as illustrated in the frameworkudof thinking. The researcher collected the data using read-write technique. The dataudanalysis was conducted through six steps: identifying the data, reading and rereading theudwhole data, coding and categorizing the data, sorting the data, making the interrelationudbetween the description of the data and the theory, finally making an interpretationudbased on the researcher’s comprehension about the theory. To obtain trustworthiness,udthe researcher used triangulation technique.udThere are two results of the research. The first result is answering the questionudabout the aspects of naturalism which is classified into four aspects; determinism,udpessimism, detachment of the story (objectivity), and unpredictable ending.udDeterminism aspect is divided in two parts; the external and internal forces. The externaludforce is presented by the family condition and the environment (circumstance) and theudinternal force is presented by passion and instinct. Furthermore, there are four partsudwhich represent pessimism aspect of naturalism namely having lost of hopes; lost hopesudfor jobs, lost hopes for love, lost hopes for security, and lost hopes for a better future.udMeanwhile there are two pairs classified as the data for detachment of the storyud(objectivity) namely telling the story as close as possible to reality and creatingudnameless characters. The unpredictable ending in the end of the story leads the readersudin one direction at the beginning and in the middle ultimately drifting towards audcompletely unexpected course. The second result is answering the question about howudfar Maggie: A Girl of the Streets can fulfil the requirements of the naturalistic genre. Itudis answered by juxtaposing the theory from Donald Pizer with other theories ofudnaturalism; Charles Child Walcutt and Emile Zola. Those theories are gathered andudclassified in order to show that Maggie: A Girl of the Streets fulfills the requirements ofudthe naturalistic genre and it is proved to be a naturalistic novel.