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Characterisation of white etching crack damage in wind turbine gearbox bearings

机译:风力机齿轮箱轴承白色蚀刻裂纹损伤的表征

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摘要

White etching cracks (WECs) have been identified as a main failure mode of wind turbine gearbox bearings (WTGBs). This study reports an investigation of the destructive sectioning of a failed low speed planetary stage WTGB and the damage found at manganese sulphide (MnS) inclusions. The bearing inner raceway was sectioned through its circumferential and axial directions in order to compare the damage around inclusions in different directions. 112 damage initiating inclusions were catalogued and their properties investigated. WECs were found attached to MnS inclusions of lengths 3-45 µm at depths of up 630 µm from the bearing raceway surface and at a wide range of angles of orientation. Damage at MnS inclusions included internal cracking of the inclusions, separation from the surrounding steel matrix, crack initiation and WEC initiation. Evidence has been found to support the theory that WECs are initiated subsurface, by MnS inclusions, but that butterfly cracks with wings propagating at 30-50º from parallel to the raceway surface, are not necessarily the same features as MnS inclusion-initiated WECs. Shorter inclusions were found to initiate longer WECs, as were inclusions that were closer to parallel to the raceway surface in axially sectioned samples.
机译:白色腐蚀裂纹(WEC)已被确定为风力涡轮机齿轮箱轴承(WTGB)的主要故障模式。这项研究报告了对失败的低速行星级WTGB的破坏性断面的调查以及在硫化锰(MnS)夹杂物中发现的损坏的调查。轴承的内滚道沿圆周方向和轴向方向剖开,以便比较不同方向上夹杂物周围的损坏。对112种引发损伤的夹杂物进行了分类,并对其性质进行了研究。发现WEC附着在长度为3-45 µm的MnS夹杂物上,距轴承滚道表面的深度最大为630 µm,且取向角度范围很广。 MnS夹杂物的损坏包括夹杂物的内部裂纹,与周围钢基质的分离,裂纹萌生和WEC萌生。已发现证据支持WEC由MnS夹杂物在地下引发的理论,但蝶形裂纹的翅膀在平行于滚道表面的30-50º处传播,不一定与MnS夹杂物引发的WEC相同。发现较短的夹杂物会引发更长的WEC,而在轴向切片的样品中,夹杂物更接近平行于滚道表面。

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