Ordering and pricing decisions in a closed-loop supply chain with fuzzy demand

摘要

This paper investigates ordering and pricing decisions in a closed-loop supply chain with fuzzy demand. In this paper, the market demand is characterized as a fuzzy variable and two settings, decentralized channel and centralized channel, are considered. Based on game theory and fuzzy theory, the optimal ordering decision and the optimal recovery prices are given for each setting. The factors that impact the optimal ordering decision and the optimal recovery prices are also found. Some characteristics of the optimal decisions are discussed from the view of management. © 2011 IEEE.