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Hotelling Models with Price-Sensitive Demand and Asymmetric Transport Costs: An Application to Public Transport Scheduling

机译:具有价格敏感需求和非对称运输成本的Hotelling模型:公共交通调度的应用

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摘要

We formulate a horizontal differentiation model with price-sensitive demand and asymmetric transport costs, in the context of transport scheduling. Two competitors choose fares and departure times in a fixed time interval. Consumers are distributed uniformly along the interval; their location indicates their desired departure time. In a standard Hotelling model, locations are chosen before prices. In our context, the opposite order is also conceivable, but we show that it does not result in a Nash equilibrium; the same is true for a game in both variables are chosen simultaneously. We also discuss Stackelberg game structures and second-best regulation. We conclude that the addition of price-sensitive demand results in equilibria in the traditional Hotelling model with price setting; there, services are scheduled closer together than optimal. We also show that it is possible to include asymmetric schedule delay functions. Our results show that departure times can be strategic instruments. Optimal regulatory strategies depend on the value of schedule delay, and on whether the regulator can commit.
机译:在运输调度的背景下,我们建立了一个具有价格敏感需求和不对称运输成本的水平差异模型。两名竞争对手在固定的时间间隔内选择票价和出发时间。消费者沿着时间间隔均匀分布;他们的位置表明他们期望的出发时间。在标准的Hotelling模型中,位置是在价格之前选择的。在我们的上下文中,相反的顺序也是可以想象的,但是我们证明它不会导致纳什均衡;同时选择两个变量的游戏也是如此。我们还将讨论Stackelberg的游戏结构和第二好的规则。我们得出结论,对价格敏感的需求的增加导致传统的具有价格设定的Hotelling模型的均衡。在那里,服务安排得比最佳安排更紧密。我们还表明,可以包括非对称调度延迟函数。我们的结果表明出发时间可以成为战略手段。最佳的监管策略取决于进度延迟的值,以及监管机构是否可以承诺。

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