[Introduction] Over the course of the past two decades, China has evolved from a nation focused on production to a technologically dynamic one with the ambition to catch up with the world's leading economies by 2050 (Schwaag Serger and Breidne 2007; State Council (of the People's Republic of China) 2006). Since 2011, it has become the nation with largest annual patent output in the world (Reuters 2011). At the same time, however, China also remains a huge country in which substantive disparities continue to prevail (Kroll 2010; Liefner and Wei 2013). For a long time, talking about new technological trends and growing capacity in China was almost identical to talking about new devel-opments in Beijing, Guangdong, and Greater Shanghai. At the same time, this meant talking about two separate research systems, a public and an industrial one that were distinct, not only in terms of their legacy and internal logics (Motohashi 2008), but also in terms of their geographical representation (Kroll and Frietsch 2014; Kroll and Schiller 2010). As a result, meaningful knowledge transfer between these two systems only occurred in a limited number of 'islands of innovation', where regionally unique systems of co-operation had developed over the years (Kroll and Liefner 2008; Kroll and Schiller 2010). [...]
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机译：[简介]在过去的二十年中，中国已经从一个专注于生产的国家发展成为一个技术上充满活力的国家，其雄心壮志是到2050年赶上世界主要经济体（Schwaag Serger和Breidne，2007年； （中华人民共和国）（2006年）。自2011年以来，它已成为世界上年度专利产量最大的国家（路透社2011）。然而，与此同时，中国仍然是一个巨大的国家，其实质性差异继续盛行（Kroll，2010； Liefner和Wei，2013）。长期以来，谈论中国的新技术趋势和产能增长几乎与谈论北京，广东和大上海的新发展一样。同时，这意味着要谈论两个独立的研究系统，一个是公共的，另一个是工业的，这不仅在传统和内部逻辑方面（Motohashi 2008），而且在地理代表性方面（Kroll and Frietsch 2014； Kroll and Schiller 2010）。结果，这两个系统之间的有意义的知识转移仅发生在有限的“创新岛”中，多年来，在这些岛上发展了区域独特的合作系统（Kroll和Liefner，2008； Kroll和Schiller，2010）。 [...]
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