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Is universal child care leveling the playing field?

机译:普及育儿是否适合公平竞争?

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摘要

Many developed countries currently consider a move towards a universal child care program. The challenge in assessing the case for universal child care programs is that the evidence base is scarce. We analyze the staged expansion of subsidized, universally accessible child care in Norway. Our approach differs from existing literature which estimate mean impacts of universal child care programs; in contrast, we use non-linear difference-in-differences methods to estimate quantile treatment effects, showing how the child care expansion affected the earnings distribution of exposed children as adults. We complement these estimates with local linear regressions of the child care effects by family income. Our findings suggest that the effects of child care vary systematically across the earnings distribution, that the mean impact misses a lot, and that children of low income parents seem to be the primary beneficiaries of subsidized child care. These findings are important when considering the case for universal child care programs, since the benefits of providing subsidized child care to middle and upper-class children are unlikely to exceed the costs. To help understand the differential effects on earnings, we examine how the child care expansion affected the educational trajectories and cognitive test scores of the exposed children.
机译:许多发达国家目前正在考虑迈向全民育儿计划。评估全民育儿计划的案例所面临的挑战是证据基础不足。我们分析了挪威普及补贴的儿童保育的分阶段扩展。我们的方法与现有文献不同,现有文献估计了全民育儿计划的平均影响。相比之下,我们使用非线性差异法来估计分位数的治疗效果,这表明育儿的扩大如何影响成年暴露儿童的收入分配。我们用家庭收入对儿童保育影响的局部线性回归来补充这些估计。我们的发现表明,在整个收入分配中,儿童保育的影响在系统上有所不同,平均影响忽略了很多,低收入父母的子女似乎是获得补贴的儿童保育的主要受益者。这些结果在考虑全民育儿计划的情况时很重要,因为向中上层儿童提供补贴的育儿的好处不可能超过成本。为了帮助理解对收入的不同影响,我们研究了托儿服务扩展如何影响受教育儿童的教育轨迹和认知测试得分。

著录项

  • 作者

    Havnes Tarjei; Mogstad Magne;

  • 作者单位
  • 年度 2012
  • 总页数
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类

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