首页> 外文OA文献 >Protecting beaches and sea turtles: An analysis of beach nourishment in North Carolina, the impacts on nesting loggerhead sea turtles, and how sea level rise will transform the status quo.
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Protecting beaches and sea turtles: An analysis of beach nourishment in North Carolina, the impacts on nesting loggerhead sea turtles, and how sea level rise will transform the status quo.

机译:保护海滩和海龟:对北卡罗来纳州海滩营养的影响,对海龟筑巢海龟的影响,以及海平面上升将如何改变现状。

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摘要

Federally protected loggerhead sea turtles rely on wide sandy beaches for their terrestrial reproductive phase. Accustomed to hurricanes and erosion, North Carolina has taken to extensive beach nourishment efforts for shoreline protection. The majority of these efforts have been to benefit interests other than sea turtles, but given the recent critical habitat proposals for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Distinct Population Segment of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta), submitted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service in 2013, their consideration warrants further attention. Each beach selected for my study: 1) is a known loggerhead sea turtle nesting beach; 2) is within the proposed terrestrial critical habitat; 3) has a “High” to “Extremely High” vulnerability to sea level rise based on the US Geological Survey Coastal Vulnerability Index; and 4) is a developed barrier island. The final economic analysis was on Bogue Banks (Carteret County), Pleasure Island (New Hanover County), and Bald Head Island, Oak Island, and Holden Beach (Brunswick County). In this project, I explored historic nourishment data to understand the full costs of beach protection, hypothesizing that sea level rise will exacerbate that cost in the future. Through my research, I unveiled how nourishment efforts potentially both help and hinder the state and sea turtles. My analysis uncovered ways North Carolina can responsibly move forward with beach protection while taking both sea turtles and sea level rise into account. First, there must be state-level support for sea level rise planning – the Coastal Resources Commission should move forward with sea level rise discussions and define a rate of sea level change for planning purposes. This rate, and associated increased need for sand, should be incorporated into future nourishment projects so the US Army Corps of Engineers and the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management do not underestimate costs and how much sand will be needed over the lifetime of each project. County and municipal governments should also devise local tax plans to finance future nourishment projects. Finally, the US Army Corps of Engineers, the state Wildlife Resource Commission, and local sea turtle volunteer groups should continue monitoring nesting beaches for any changes post-nourishment to further understand how modified beaches impact loggerhead sea turtles.
机译:受联邦政府保护的海龟在陆地繁殖阶段要依靠宽阔的沙滩。北卡罗来纳州习惯于飓风和侵蚀,已采取广泛的海滩营养措施来保护海岸线。这些努力大部分是为了造福海龟以外的利益,但鉴于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局(US Fish and Wildlife Service)和2013年国家海洋渔业局(National Marine Fisheries)的考虑值得进一步关注。选择供我研究的每个海滩:1)是一个已知的海龟筑巢海滩; 2)在拟议的陆地关键栖息地内; 3)根据美国地质调查局沿海脆弱性指数,对海平面上升具有“高”至“极高”的脆弱性;和4)是发达的屏障岛。最终的经济分析是在波格银行(Carteret县),愉悦岛(新汉诺威县)和秃头岛,橡树岛和霍顿海滩(不伦瑞克县)进行的。在这个项目中,我探索了历史性的营养数据,以了解海滩保护的全部成本,并假设海平面上升将在未来加剧这一成本。通过我的研究,我揭示了营养方面的努力如何既可以帮助又可以阻止州海龟。我的分析揭示了北卡罗莱纳州在负责任的情况下可以在保护海滩的同时向前推进,同时兼顾海龟和海平面上升的问题。首先,必须在州一级对海平面上升计划提供支持-沿海资源委员会应推进海平面上升讨论,并为规划目的定义海平面变化率。该比率以及随之而来的对沙子的需求增加,应纳入未来的营养项目中,这样,美国陆军工程兵团和北卡罗来纳州海岸管理司就不会低估成本以及在每个项目的生命周期中需要多少沙子。县和市政府还应制定地方税收计划,以资助未来的营养项目。最后,美国陆军工程兵团,州野生动物资源委员会和当地海龟志愿者组织应继续监测筑巢海滩的营养状况,以进一步了解营养改良后的海滩如何影响红海龟。

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    Hernandez Kimberly;

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  • 年度 2014
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