Scaled laboratory experiments are faster and less expensive than full-scale ones and do not rely upon possible uncertainties in the constitutive models necessary for numerical modeling. However, for 1-gravity (1g) pseudo-static testing, the main problem is obtaining geometrically appropriate materials whose strength and stiffness are sufficiently reduced compared with those of the prototype. Constructability can also pose major challenges. This paper introduces manufacturing, assembly, monitoring, and testing for tied-back anchors with a sheet pile wall for 1g testing.
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