Conception, simulations et test d'un spectromètre de masse par temps de vol pour la mesure de masse d'ions exotiques auprès des installations SPIRAL1/SPIRAL2 et spectroscopie gamma de noyaux N=Z au voisinage du noyau $^{100}$Sn

摘要

The new generation of nuclear facilities calls for new technological developments to produce,accelerate, manipulate and analyse exotic nuclei. The main topic of this thesis work was thesimulation, design and test of a Multi-Reflection Time-of-Flight Mass spectrometer (MR-ToFMS)for fast mass separation and fast mass measurement of radioactive ions in the installations S3and DESIR at SPIRAL2. Such a device could separate isobaric nuclei and provide SPIRAL2 withhigh purity beams. Also, its mass measurement capabilities would help to determine bindingenergies of exotic and superheavy nuclei with a high precision. This apparatus has been simulatedwith the SIMION 8.1 software and designed accordingly. First offline tests have been performedwith a stable ion source at LPC Caen. In addition a low-aberration electrostatic deflector has beensimulated and designed to operate with this MR-ToF-MS without spoiling its performances. Thiswork also describes the analysis and results of the first online tests of a FEBIAD-type ion sourceintended to provide SPIRAL1 and SPIRAL2 radioactive beams of competitive intensities. Finally,we describe the analysis of a nuclear physics experiment, including the calibration of the differentdetectors and the gamma-spectroscopy of nuclei in the vicinity of the doubly magic 100Sn.