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Checking the garbage bin for problems in the house, or how autophagy assists in antigen presentation to the immune system

机译:检查垃圾箱中是否存在房屋问题,或者自噬如何帮助抗原呈递给免疫系统

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摘要

Macroautophagy was originally discovered as a nutrient salvage pathway during starvation. By now it has not only become clear that degradation of cytoplasmic constituents via transport by autophagosomes to lysosomes can be used for innate and adaptive immunity, but that the core machinery assists antigen presentation to the immune system by a variety of vesicular transport pathways. All of these rely on the presentation of small protein waste fragments, which are generated by a variety of catabolic pathways, including macroautophagy, on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In this review, we will point out how classical macroautophagy, as well as phagocytosis and exocytosis, which both benefit from the core autophagic machinery, assist in antigen presentation on MHC class I and II molecules to CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. Finally to high-light that macroautophagy is always intimately interconnected with cell death in addition to the various supported vesicular transport function, its role in lymphocyte, especially T cell, development and function will be discussed. From this body of work a picture is emerging that the core machinery of macroautophagy can be used for a variety of vesicular transport pathways and to modulate cell survival, besides its classical role in delivering intracellular material for lysosomal degradation.
机译:巨噬自噬最初是在饥饿期间作为养分挽救途径而发现的。到目前为止,不仅已经清楚通过自噬体转运至溶酶体的细胞质成分的降解可用于先天性和适应性免疫,而且核心机制通过多种囊泡转运途径帮助抗原呈递至免疫系统。所有这些都依赖于主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)分子上的小蛋白质废物碎片的呈现,这些碎片是由包括大自噬在内的各种分解代谢途径产生的。在这篇综述中,我们将指出经典的巨噬细胞自噬以及吞噬作用和胞吐作用均受益于核心自噬机制,如何分别将MHC I类和II类分子的抗原呈递给CD8 +和CD4 + T细胞。最后,为了揭示巨噬细胞自噬与各种死亡的囊泡转运功能密切相关,我们将讨论其在淋巴细胞(尤其是T细胞),发育和功能中的作用。从这方面的工作中可以看出,巨噬细胞自噬的核心机制除了可以为溶酶体降解提供细胞内物质方面的经典作用外,还可以用于多种囊泡运输途径并调节细胞存活。

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