On the use of mobile phones and wearable microphones for noise exposure measurements : calibration and measurement accuracy

摘要

Despite the fact that noise-induced hearing loss remains the number one occupational disease in developed countries, individual noise exposure levels are still rarely known and infrequently tracked. Indeed, efforts to standardize noise exposure levels present disadvantages such as costly instrumentation and difficulties associated with on site implementation. Given their advanced technical capabilities and widespread daily usage, mobile phones could be used to measure noise levels and make noise monitoring more accessible. However, the use of mobile phones for measuring noise exposure is currently limited due to the lack of formal procédures for their calibration and challenges regarding the measurement procedure.ududOur research investigated the calibration of mobile phone-based solutions for measuring noise exposure using a mobile phone’s built-in microphones and wearable external microphones. The proposed calibration approach integrated corrections that took into account microphone placement error. The corrections were of two types: frequency-dependent, using a digital filter and noise level-dependent, based on the difference between the C-weighted noise level minus A-weighted noise level of the noise measured by the phone. The electro-acoustical limitations and measurement calibration procedure of the mobile phone were investigated. The study also sought to quantify the effect of noise exposure characteristics on the accuracy of calibrated mobile phone measurements. Measurements were carried out in reverberant and semi-anechoic chambers with several mobiles phone units of the same model, two types of external devices (an earpiece and a headset with an in-line microphone) and an acoustical test fixture (ATF).ududThe proposed calibration approach significantly improved the accuracy of the noise level measurements in diffuse and free fields, with better results in the diffuse field and with ATF positions causing little or no acoustic shadowing. Several sources of errors and uncertainties were identified including the errors associated with the inter-unit-variability, the presence of signal saturation and the microphone placement relative to the source and the wearer.ududThe results of the investigations and validation measurements led to recommendations regarding the measurement procedure including the use of external microphones having lower sensitivity and provided the basis for a standardized and unique factory default calibration method intended for implementation in any mobile phone. A user-defined adjustment was proposed to minimize the errors associated with calibration and the acoustical field.ududMobile phones implementing the proposed laboratory calibration and used with external microphones showed great potential as noise exposure instruments. Combined with their potential as training and prevention tools, the expansion of their use could significantly help reduce the risks of noise-induced hearing loss.