Pollution par les hydrocarbures en Manche et golfe de Gascogne. Risques et prévention entre 1960 et 2004.

摘要

In order to decrease accidental and operationnal oil spills from vessels, the international community has created a system of risk prevention for oil pollution. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of this process in the English channel and the bay of Biscay between 1960 and 2004. In the first part, we present methods and data used to assess quantity and circumstances of oil spills from vessels. We show in the second part that Channel and bay of Biscay are more exposed to oil spills than regionals seas surrounding mainly because of maritime traffic caracteristics and climatic context. In the third part, we analyse the evolution of accidental and operationnal oil spills and we discuss the influence of the regulation framework (compliance rate with international norms by flag states, port states and coastal states) and of the socio-economic context on observed tendancies.