Using Geographical Information System to Estimate Vulnerable Urban Settlementsfor Flood Hazard and Risk Assessment in City

摘要

The rate of urbanization in recent years is astounding. About 50 years ago, only three out of ten people inudthe world lived in cities. Most of these were in the development countries. Now about 50% of the worldudpopulation lives in cities, and by 2020 it is expected that six out of ten people will live in cities. Most of theudnew growth is in the less developed and least developed countries. For the first time in world history, moreudpeople now live in cities than in villages (UN Population Division). This fact indicates that population growthudtends to occur in urban areas. The growth of highly concentrated urban areas has crucial implication for theudvulnerability of the cities and their residents. Disaster do not of course specifically target cities, but they willudhave much greater impact on human life and property when they will have much rather than the fairlyuddisperse and less populated rural areas.udThis paper seeks to demonstrate a method to more accurately estimated urban settlements vulnerable toudhazard by using suitable indicators for identifying vulnerability to flooding, especially in densely developedudcities, and to characterize at-risk populations based on measures social, physical, and environmentudvulnerability. We discuss two methods that employ Geographical Information science to access and quantifyudrisk and vulnerability and Flood hazard analysis method to understand the likeliflood of flood occurences.udThe two methods will show the vulnerability of the city due to flood hazards This methods can serve as a model to helps other municipalities to estimate vulnerability to hazards, tailored to the specific conditions and characteristics of their locales. While this paper focused on the flood threat,udthe models can estimate vulnerability and exposure to other types of hazards such as earthquake, extreme weather events, and technological disasters.