Most of the traffic on the Internet is depend upon the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), so the performance of TCP is directly related to Internet. Many TCP variants are developed and modified according to the environment and communication needs. Most of current TCP variants have set of algorithms which control the congestion in critical situations and maintain the throughput and efficiency of network. Now a day’s TCP is facing fast growth of Internet with the demands of faster data communication techniques on high speed links. In last 15 years many computer systems and cellular networks become linked together with protocol stack used in TCP. TCP variants with different congestion control techniques are working in different operating systems but a very small number of techniques are able to minimize the congestion in the network. This paper presents a survey on end-to-end congestion control techniques used in different TCP versions. The main purpose of this study is to review the characteristics and behavior of TCP variants with different techniques to control the congestion in the different network scenarios.
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