Micropollutants occur in natural waters from a range of sources. Estrogenic compounds areudnaturally excreted by humans and hence stem predominantly from wastewater effluents. Due to theudsmall size and concentration of such micropollutants their removal is difficult. In this study audtechnology – magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) - developed to remove natural organic matter fromudsurface water, was investigated. Estrone interacts with polymeric materials such as ion exchangeudresins or membranes through a number of mechanisms including specific and non-specificudinteractions. To understand the mechanisms and subsequence implications of this interactionudsorption and desorption of estrone was studied as a function of pH, temperature, natural organicudmatter concentration, sulfate concentration and ionic strength. The results demonstrated that theudresin removed around 70% estrone at high pH conditions (>10.4) when estrone was predominantlyudnegatively charged. However, below pH 10.4, when estrone was neutral, approximately 40% ofudestrone still sorbed due to hydrogen bonding. The optimum temperature for estrone sorption wasudobserved to be from 15 to 35 °C, while the presence of other anions had implications for estroneudremoval due to competition for anion exchange sites. Desorption of estrone was most effective withud2 M NaCl regeneration brine concentration when estrone was negatively charged (98% desorption).udHowever, when estrone was neutral there was no significant difference between 1 M and 2 M NaCl.udThe results presented in this study indicate that polar non-ionic micropollutants were removed byudmagnetic ion exchange due to sorption to the resin polymer. Consequently, this study hasudimplications for improved understanding of micropollutant removal by such resins. Beyond theudpossibilities of exploiting ion exchange for the removal of micropollutants, the accumulation ofudmicropollutants on polymeric materials in water treatment is a potential risk to be monitored.
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机译：微量污染物会在多种来源的天然水中产生。雌激素化合物是人类自然排出的，因此主要源于废水。由于此类微污染物的尺寸和浓度很小，因此很难去除。在这项研究中，研究了一种开发用于从表层水中除去天然有机物的磁性技术（MIEX®）。雌酮通过多种机制与包括离子交换 udresins或膜在内的高分子材料发生相互作用，包括特异性和非特异性 udinteractions。为了了解这种相互作用和雌酮的相互作用/解吸和解吸的机理和子序列的含义，研究了pH，温度，天然有机物/ udmatter浓度，硫酸盐浓度和离子强度的函数。结果表明，当雌激素主要带负电荷时，在高pH条件（> 10.4）下，乌司丁树脂中去除了约70％的雌酮。但是，在pH 10.4以下，当雌酮为中性时，由于氢键作用，仍有约40％的雌酮吸收。最佳的吸附雌酮温度为15至35°C，而其他阴离子的存在则由于竞争阴离子交换位而影响雌酮的去除。当雌激素带负电荷时（98％的解吸），用 ud2 M NaCl再生盐水浓缩雌激素最有效。 ud但是，当雌酮为中性时，在1 M和2 M NaCl之间没有显着差异。这项研究表明，极性非离子型微污染物由于吸附到树脂聚合物上而通过超磁性离子交换被去除。因此，这项研究具有重复性，可以更好地理解此类树脂对微污染物的去除。除了利用离子交换去除微量污染物的可能性以外，在水处理过程中高分子材料上的微量污染物的积累也是一个潜在的风险。
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