Climate change: is Southeast Asia up to the challenge?: the roles of climate variability and climate change on smoke haze occurrences in Southeast Asia region

摘要

This paper discusses the smoke-haze episodes in the Southeast Asiaudregion and how their occurrence can be related to climate variabilityudand future climate change in the region. The haze episode over thisudregion has been an almost yearly occurrence but becomes severe duringudthe prolonged dry period associated with the El Niño phenomenon.udThe longest and most severe case was the episode of September toudNovember 1997 that occurred in conjunction with the extreme 1997/98udEl Niño. This event resulted in more than US$4 billion in economic lossesudto the region and a colossal 93% of the cost was incurred in Indonesia.