C3Conflict a simulation environment for studying teamwork in command and control

摘要

This paper describes C3Conflict, a research and training environment developed to support research and training of co-ordination and collaborative work in C2 situations. C3Conflict is a command, control and communication, simulation environment tailored to the peace-keeping military domain. The environment creates a situation where a group of people (3 to 12 persons) can tackle a variety of common problems in team work and C2. The tasks presented by C3Conflict are complex, dynamics and have opaque characteristics, similar to the cognitive tasks that people normally encounter in real-life C2 systems. C3Conflict is based on the C3Fire (www.c3fire.org) and are developed by the C3Fire team in collaboration with the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, USA. C3Fire is well established and has been used in a wide variety of research projects over the past ten years. In C3Conflict, unlike C3fire, is a two-sided game where the adversaries can be willfully hostile. The presented situations have a military cover story and appearance. One of the most important features of C3Conflict is that the system monitrs the activities of all players. Monitoring in integrated into the simulation and all the information tools the players use. During a session, the system creates a log with all events and all computer mediated activities, such as communicational and individual work. The log enables analyses of quantitative measures of performance, communication, coordination, and responsibility distribution. Analyses can be performed at both the individual and group levels. The paper describes simulation usage and the punctions that make it possible to use the environment to developtraining exercises and to conduct research on C2 behavior, team work and collaboration.