Knowing how to send and interpret signals is an essential part of bothdiplomacy and war. Political scientists have recognized that costly signals—gestures and actions that involve significant cost or risk—are central to politicsand diplomacy since modeling doyen James Fearon built his Ph. D. thesisaround the concept in the 1990s. Because these signaling systems are pervasivein nature (many of these strategies arise independently and repeatedly to solvecommon problems suggesting evolutionary pressure to select strategiesoffering the most success at the least cost), their underlying strategic logic hasimportant implications to foreign policy challenges we face today. Bycapitalizing on solutions derived by evolution over 3. 5 billion years of life onEarth, we may identify ideas that otherwise might not have been explored in apolicy context potentially offering quick, novel, and effective options toincrease strategic and combat effectiveness. Here we present 8 lessons fromevolution for political science.
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机译：知道如何发送和解释信号是外交和战争的重要组成部分。自从对Doyen James Fearon于1990年代围绕该概念建立博士学位论文以来，政治学家已经认识到，代价高昂的信号（涉及重大成本或风险的手势和行动）对于政治和外交至关重要。由于这些信号系统具有普遍性（许多策略独立出现并反复出现，以解决共同的问题，提示进化压力以最低的成本选择最成功的策略），它们的基本战略逻辑对我们今天面临的外交政策挑战具有重要意义。通过利用地球上超过3. 5亿年的生命进化得出的解决方案的资本，我们可以确定原本可能在非政治环境中未曾探索过的思想，这些思想可能会提供快速，新颖和有效的选择，以提高战略和战斗力。在这里，我们从政治学的演进中总结出8个教训。
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