Biology, ecology and voltinism of the Australian spongillafly Sisyra pedderensis Smithersud(Neuroptera: Sisyridae)

摘要

The life stages of Sisyra pedderensis are described and statistical data from laboratory rearing experiments discussed. Novel sampling methodsudwere used to obtain pupae from the field since adults were not attracted to black lights and the larval life cycle closed in the laboratory.udThe diel cycles of egg eclosion, full-fed larval emergence from aquatic habitats, and adult emergence are examined and illustrated. Morphologicaluddata are provided to identify the three larval instars. A comprehensive comparison of the biology of S. pedderensis and closelyudrelated overseas species is made. In Lake Pedder, this species of spongillafly was proved to be bivoltine, with overwintering larvae becomingudimagines in early summer which was followed by a single summer generation.