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Strategies to avoid humidity causing damages in tall timber buildings

机译:避免潮湿导致高层木结构建筑损坏的策略

摘要

The number of tall housing buildings using cross laminated timber (CLT) as the main structural material has been growing all around the world but especially in Europe. This kind of construction has already proven to be a solution with a sustainable profile and despite the conflicts with some building codes and some countries legislation, this construction material is able to shape safe structures.However, to get the full confidence of the public, several researches focused on main CLT restrictions are still under development, such as fire safety, strength of connections, structural behavior, acoustics and durability. This last point is of huge importance considering timber’s propensity for rotting and its known hygroscopic behavior. If humidity effects are not considered during the building design as well as the structure’s integrity the people’s wellbeing can be compromised.The content of the present paper aims to outline important recommendations concerning the reduction of humidity causing damages in tall timber buildings. For that, CLT/glulam hybrid construction system (Urban Timber system) is used to illustrate and describe suggested construction details of a timber building, from the foundations to the roof: the most cautious solution for foundations is to resort to reinforced concrete, in case of biological attacks or unexpected hazards; facades have to ensure the protection of timber structural elements from contact with moisture either through insulation materials or by glazed walls; windows in contact with timber ends should be able to prevent water to reach them; connection between timber elements must predict swelling/shrinkage movements of timber; at least an efficient rain water drainage has to be guaranteed by the balconies and the roof design.
机译:在世界范围内,尤其是在欧洲,以交叉层压木材(CLT)作为主要结构材料的高层住宅的数量一直在增长。这种建筑已经被证明是具有可持续性的解决方案,尽管与某些建筑法规和一些国家法规存在冲突,但这种建筑材料仍能够塑造出安全的结构。但是,为了获得公众的充分信任,仍在开发针对CLT主要限制的研究,例如防火安全性,连接强度,结构性能,声学和耐用性。考虑到木材的腐烂倾向及其已知的吸湿性,这最后一点非常重要。如果在建筑设计过程中没有考虑湿度影响以及结构的完整性,则可能会损害人们的福祉。本白皮书的内容旨在概述有关减少湿度的建议,以减少对高层木结构建筑的损害。为此,CLT /胶合木混合建筑系统(城市木材系统)用于说明和描述从基础到屋顶的木结构建筑建议的构造细节:对于基础情况,最谨慎的解决方案是求助于钢筋混凝土,以防万一。生物攻击或意外危害;外墙必须确保保护木材结构元件免于通过隔热材料或玻璃墙与水分接触;与木端接触的窗户应能够防止水进入它们;木材元素之间的联系必须预测木材的膨胀/收缩运动;阳台和屋顶的设计至少必须保证有效的雨水排放。

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