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>The Homestead of James Taylor White II: Historical, Archaeological, and Geophysical Investigations at Two Proposed Safety Rest Areas, Interstate Highway (IH) 10, Chambers County, Texas
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The Homestead of James Taylor White II: Historical, Archaeological, and Geophysical Investigations at Two Proposed Safety Rest Areas, Interstate Highway (IH) 10, Chambers County, Texas
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机译:詹姆斯·泰勒·怀特(James Taylor White)的宅基地II:在两个拟议的安全休息区进行历史,考古和地球物理研究,州际公路(IH)10,德克萨斯州钱伯斯县
Personnel from Coastal Environments, Inc. (CEI), Moore Archeological Consulting, Inc. (MAC), and the University of Mississippi conducted archaeological and geophysical investigations at the locations of two proposed safety rest areas on opposite sides of Interstate Highway (IH) 10 in Chambers County, Texas. The research was carried out from late August 2006 until late February 2007, under contract to the Environmental Affairs Division of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). MAC archaeologists had previously examined the two rest area tracts in 2001. Their research indicated that the north tract contained a late-nineteenth- through early-twentieth-century cemetery, identified as the Broussard Cemetery site (41CH370). Buried within the cemetery are the remains of several members of the locally prominent White family and relatives. The south tract included the remains of a below-ground cistern that likely marked the location of the main house associated with the homestead and ranch of James Taylor White II. It was estimated that this house location, labeled the White Family Cistern site (41CH371), was occupied from ca. 1854 until sometime in the early 1900s.The field investigations examined three specific areas within the two tracts: (1) A small 20-by-45-m area situated about 10 m north of the Broussard Cemetery site where a truck-entrance road is to be built. It was considered possible that unmarked graves located outside the cemetery proper might be present in that area. (2) A 40-by-40-m area within the south tract where MAC personnel had located a piece of whiteware during their earlier investigations. It was thought that a possible outbuilding related to the White homestead might be present in that area. (3) A 110-by-115-m area in the south tract where the main house and most of the White family occupation occurred.The area in the north tract was examined by ground-penetrating radar, resistivity surveys and mechanical stripping of anomalies recognized by the geophysical research. The small square area in the south tract was examined by systematic shovel tests. The large area in the south tract was investigated by systematic shovel tests, a metal detector survey, a geophysical search that included magnetometer and electromagnetic susceptibility surveys, a limited ground-truth assessment of selected anomalies that had been identified by the geophysical surveys, mechanical stripping of other anomalies recognized by the geophysical research, plus the controlled excavation of a few small units in locations where the stripping uncovered potential cultural features.Overall, the various investigations identified the location, orientation, and dimensions of the White family house and its associated kitchen, a rich sheet midden situated to the rear of the house, and several possible outbuildings located to the sides of the structure. Numerous artifacts indicative of the period of suspected occupation were collected, including hundreds of pieces of metal, ceramic fragments, and glass. A few animal bones and plant remains also were obtained. Although the present study did not call for a detailed analysis of these items, such should prove useful in the future. Given these results, it is clear that site 41CH371 is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Additional archaeological investigations at selected portions of the site are recommended, along with further archival and historical research. Accordingly, construction of the rest area in the south tract should be delayed until the recommended investigations are completed.The small area examined in the north tract near site 41CH370 failed to yield any evidence of burials. Since the cemetery itself will be avoided during construction, no further archaeological work is considered necessary in the north tract. Thus, construction of the rest area within the north tract may proceed as planned.
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机译:沿海环境公司(CEI),摩尔考古咨询公司(MAC)和密西西比大学的人员在州际公路(IH)两侧相对的两个拟议安全休息区的位置进行了考古和地球物理研究10在得克萨斯州钱伯斯县。这项研究是根据德克萨斯州运输局(TxDOT)的环境事务部的合同,于2006年8月下旬至2007年2月下旬进行的。 MAC考古学家此前曾在2001年检查过这两个休息区。他们的研究表明,该北区包含一个19世纪后期至20世纪初的墓地,被确定为Broussard公墓遗址(41CH370)。墓地中埋葬着当地著名的白人家庭和亲戚的几名成员的遗体。南区包括一个地下蓄水池的遗迹,这很可能标志着与詹姆斯·泰勒·怀特二世的宅基地和牧场相关的主要房屋的位置。据估计,这个房屋的位置被标记为White Family Cistern遗址(41CH371),大约是在大约1989年。 1854年直到1900年代初期。现场调查研究了这两个区域内的三个特定区域:(1)位于Broussard公墓站点以北10 m处的20×45 m小区域,那里有一条通往卡车的道路。待建。人们认为有可能在该地区存在墓地外没有标记的坟墓。 (2)南区40乘40米的区域,MAC人员在早期调查中曾找到一件白色器具。据认为,该地区可能存在与怀特宅基地有关的附属建筑。 (3)南道110乘115米的区域,主房屋和大部分白人家庭居住发生在北道。通过穿透地面的雷达,电阻率测量和异常机械剥离检查了北道区域被地球物理研究认可。通过系统的铁铲测试检查了南区的小面积区域。通过系统的铲试验,金属探测器调查,包括磁强计和电磁敏感性调查的地球物理搜索,对有限异常的地面实物评估(通过地球物理勘测确定),机械剥离等方法,对南区的大面积区域进行了调查。地球物理研究发现的其他异常情况,以及在剥除发现潜在文化特征的位置进行的一些小单元的受控挖掘。总体而言,各种调查确定了White家族房屋及其相关厨房的位置,方向和尺寸,位于房子后方的一块厚厚的中间板,以及位于建筑物侧面的一些可能的附属建筑。收集了大量指示可疑占领时期的文物,包括数百块金属,陶瓷碎片和玻璃。还获得了一些动物骨头和植物残骸。尽管目前的研究并未要求对这些项目进行详细分析,但将来应该证明这一点很有用。鉴于这些结果,很明显,地点41CH371符合列入国家历史名胜古迹的资格。建议在站点的选定部分进行其他考古调查,以及进一步的档案和历史研究。因此,应该推迟在南区的休息区的建设,直到完成建议的调查为止。在北区41CH370站点附近检查的小区域没有任何埋葬的证据。由于在建造过程中将避免墓地本身,因此认为在北部地区无需进行进一步的考古工作。因此,北风道内休息区的建设可以按计划进行。
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