Peran Mikroba Starter Dalam Dekomposisi Kotoran Ternak Dan Perbaikan Kualitas Pupuk Kandang (the Role of Microbial Starter in Animal Dung Decomposition and Manure Quality Improvement)

摘要

Process of decomposition of organic fertilizer relies on the microbial decomposer population and requires a condusive environment. Those two factors influence on the rate of organic material decomposition and limites the negative impact of this organic fertilizer on the aspect of social, ethic, and health of living organism. Cow dung was used as the material for decomposition of organic fertilizer. Two treatments were applied: with or without microbial decomposer (microbial starter) followed by incubation in the dark condition under room temperature. The cow dung was sampled in 0, 6, and 24 hours after microbial starter application.The cow dung pH, color, smell, water content, and electrical conductivity were analyzed. Furthermore, microbial pathogen (Eschericia coli and Salmonella), cow dung total nutrition (C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Na,S,Cd,Cr,B,Fe,Cu,Zn), and available N (NH4 dan NO3) were also determined. Amonia emision (NH3), oxygen (O2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), NOx, NO, and SO2were analyzed as well. The result showed that microbial starter contained of important microbial for the process of cow dung decomposition. Application of microbial starter in cow dung reduced E. coli dan Salmonella sp. by the length of incubation time.Variation of nutrition, i.a. P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, and heavy metal, i.a. Cr was found during incubation, both in chicken and cow manure.Application of microbial starter reduced sulfur in organic matter to be SO2 without smell, and inhibited H2S production. Decomposition by application of microbial starter should be conducted in aerob condition to reduce H2S production. This research implied that application of microbial starter is crucially important in improving manure nutrition and quality.