Instrumentelle Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse zur standortabhängigen Aufnahme und Verteilung von Spurenelementen durch die Salzmarschpflanze Aster tripolium von Marschwiesen des Scheldeestuars, Niederlande

摘要

As part of an environmental chemical investigation the uptake of heavy metals by a saltmarsh plant Aster tripolium from two differently pollutedsalt marsh sites of the North Sea between 20 to 30 trace elements were determined in soil and plant organs. A sensitive gamma ray counting system was installed and tested for instrumental activation analyses (INAA). Installations to improve sensitivity as well as conditions necessary for reliable trace element analysis with the aid of Anticampton spectrometers (ACS) are described. The accuracy and reproducibility of the method was determined by the analysis of reference- and control materiale of the german environmental specimen bank. In order to characterise the state of pollution of the salt marsh soils pollution-factors for single elements as well as interelemental correlations were evaluated. In addition, uptake and translocation factors of the biological samples were calculated. The many highly significant correlations between elements within the plant organs indicated that uptake appears to be physiologically controlled and not dependent on soil concentration. In oder to detect further consequences of differing pollution influences within these plants biochemical separation techniques were applied and trace element levels in selected extracts were determined. For the specification of heavy metals gelpermeation chromatography of ethanolic extracts proved to be the most promising method. Furthermore, propositions for the use of trace elements as a fingerprint for pollution status and characterisation of species for referenz- and specimenbank materiale have been developed. Aster tripolium as a cadmium accumulating plant can probably be used as an indicator in the monitaring of cadmium polluted salt marsh areas.