Neutrino Geoscience

摘要

Neutrino geoscience is a newly born interdisciplinary field having as its main aim determination of the Earths radiogenic heat through measurement of geoneutrinos: antineutrinos released in decays of long-lived radioactive elements inside the Earth. In fact, such measurements are a unique direct way how to pin-down this key element for many geophysical and geochemical Earths models. The large--volume liquid scintillator detectors, originally built to measure neutrinos or anti-neutrinos from other sources, are capable to detect geoneutrinos, as it was demonstrated by KamLAND (Japan) and Borexino (Italy) experiments. Several future projects as SNO+ or JUNO have geoneutrino measurements among their scientific goals. This work covers the status-of-art of this new field, summarising its potential in terms of geoscience, the status of existing experimental results, and future prospects.