This study demonstrates a novel method for testing the hypothesis that variations in primary and secondary particle number concentration (PNC) in urban air are related to residual fuel oil combustion at a coastal port lying 30 km upwind, by examining the correlation between PNC and airborne particle composition signatures chosen for their sensitivity to the elemental contaminants present in residual fuel oil. Residual fuel oil combustion indicators were chosen by comparing the sensitivity of a range of concentration ratios to airborne emissions originating from the port. The most responsive were combinations of vanadium and sulfur concentration ([S], [V]) expressed as ratios with respect to black carbon concentration ([BC]). These correlated significantly with ship activity at the port and with the fraction of time during which the wind blew from the port. ududThe average [V] when the wind was predominantly from the port was 0.52 ng.m-3 (87%) higher than the average for all wind directions and 0.83 ng.m-3 (280%) higher than that for the lowest vanadium yielding wind direction considered to approximate the natural background. Shipping was found to be the main source of V impacting urban air quality in Brisbane.ududHowever, contrary to the stated hypothesis, increases in PNC related measures did not correlate with ship emission indicators or ship traffic. Hence at this site ship emissions were not found to be a major contributor to PNC compared to other fossil fuel combustion sources such as road traffic, airport and refinery emissions.
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机译：这项研究证明了一种新颖的方法，可以通过检验PNC和空气中颗粒物之间的相关性来检验城市空气中初级和次级颗粒物浓度浓度（PNC）的变化与沿岸30 km沿海港口的残余燃油燃烧有关的假设。选择其成分标记是因为它们对残留燃油中存在的元素污染物具有敏感性。通过比较一系列浓度比对港口产生的空气传播排放的敏感性来选择燃油残留燃烧指标。响应最快的是钒和硫浓度（[S]，[V]）的组合，以相对于黑碳浓度（[BC]）的比率表示。这些与港口的船舶活动以及风从港口吹出的时间比例显着相关。 ud ud当主要来自港口的风时的平均[V]比所有风向的平均值高0.52 ng.m-3（87％），比所有风向的平均值高0.83 ng.m-3（280％）钒的最低风向被认为接近自然本底。发现船舶是影响布里斯班城市空气质量的主要V来源。 ud ud然而，与上述假设相反，PNC相关措施的增加与船舶排放指标或船舶交通量无关。因此，与道路交通，机场和炼油厂排放等其他化石燃料燃烧源相比，在该地点发现船舶排放不是造成PNC的主要因素。
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