In vitro 3D-kinematics of the upper cervical spine: helical axis and simulation for axial rotation and flexion extension.

摘要

Registration of 3D-anatomical model and kinematics data is reported to be an accurate method to provide 3D-joint simulation. We applied this approach to discrete kinematics analysis of upper cervical spine (UCS) during axial rotation (AR) and flexion extension (FE) to create anatomical models with movement simulation including helical axis.