Previous grouped-nonlinearity formulations for Wave Digital Filter (WDF) modeling of nonlinear audio circuits assumed that nonlinear (NL) devices with memoryless voltage–current characteristics were modeled as voltage-controlled current sources (VCCSs). These formulations cannot accommodate nonlinear devices whose equations cannot be written as NL VCCSs, and they cannot accommodate circuits with cutsets composed entirely of current sources (including NL VCCSs). In this paper we generalize independent and dependent variable choice at the root of WDF trees to accommodate both these cases, and review two graph theorems for avoiding forbidden cutsets and loops in general.
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