Hymnes homériques à Déméter et à Aphrodite, hymnes et poèmes de Mésopotamie : points de comparaison

摘要

Homeric Hymns to Demeter and to Aphrodite, hymns and poems of Mesopotamia: comparisons By comparing Homeric Hymns with poems of Mesopotamia, this paper aims at showing that Sumero-akkadian literature could have influenced the composition of the Homeric Hymns to Aphrodite and to Demeter, with regard to form as well as to topics. Thus, we can point out, besides similar composition and functions of these hymns (immortality given by singing praises, imbrication of epic and hymnic genres, notion of pleasure as the poem is performed, do ut des…), among other patterns, the following ones: genre scenes describing bathing, dressing, before the love goddess meets her lover -the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite, The Epic of Gilgames, the Hymn to Sulgi, the Hymn to Istar, Inana's descent to the Underworld. Similarly a questioning about immortality, divine splendour, ME and timai is present in these texts and in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, and, in these last poems, the motifs of fertility, of lie and of the substitute destined to take the place of a goddess prisonner in the underworld (Dumuzi/Demophon) can also be found. As appears from this study, the status of mankind, the status of gods and the distance between human beings and divinities are essential questions, in both greek and sumero-akkadian fields.