La question des 'transferts' dans le développement agricole en Europe socialiste (URSS et autres pays de l'Est)

摘要

The industrial and agricultural development of USSR and (after 1 945) other European socialist countries was characterized by huge transfers of wealth, first from agricultural to industry, and then in the opposite direction. This gigantic turn around can be understood only in keeping with the deep specificity (compared to the industrialized West) of the internal and external conditions, the rhythms and the mechanisms of the socio-economic development in this geo-political area. So one can explain the change from a «peasant» agricultural,collectivized in a way to function as an enormous ^surplus pump» to the advantage of the «primitive industrial accumulation», to a stage when one tends to realize, socially faster than technically, the «industrialization» of agricultural on a strict meaning, i-e the model of the «factory» in the fields. The setting up and the functioning of this model are generally costly and feed themselves, obviously, in great part, on a levying from industry.