Réforme dans la réforme ? La nouvelle politique économique hongroise au seuil des années 1980

摘要

Reform in the Reform? The New Hungarian Economie Policy on the Threshold of the 80s. During the years 1979 and 1980, the Hungarian government introduced a set of measures which had two aims. The first one, in the short run is to stabilize the economic cycle by introducing a deflationary policy. The second one intends to modify the productive structure of the Hungarian economy and to orientate towards the more competitive sectors especially the ones which are linked with hard currency markets. The deflationary policy consists of the following measures: to reduce the volume of investment, the rate of inflation and to stabilize the level of personal incomes. The structural policy consists of two sets of decisions: the first one is concerned by the introduction of a new price policy and an important change in the price structure. Particularly more than 70% of domestic prices are now set according to the world price level in view to make the Hungarian economy more sensitive to the external competition. The second one deals with a wide institutional reform which has been undertaken at different levels of the decision- making system: Party, Government, Ministries of Branch, Trusts, Enterprises. The main idea on which the reform is lying is that a macro-economic guidance and micro-economic efficiency must be substituted to the remaining administrative guidance. But, both important internal and external contrainsts still remain.