Fécondité, bouleversements politiques et transition vers l'économie de marché en Europe de l'Est

摘要

Fertility, political changes and transition to market economy in Eastern Europe. The collapse of socialist regime and the transition to market economy, in the so called Eastern countries, are reflected, almost everywhere, in a rapid decrease of Total Fertility Rates, even if, in some countries, such as former Czechoslovakia, indices very temporarily increase. In former GDR and Romania, the impact of transition is spectacular, but determinant elements are different: fall of the wall in GDR, liberalisation of abortion in Romania. Deep reasons of this decreasing fertility, especially at high fertility ages and for first birth-order, are not well known, even if economic crisis after the disbanding of CMEA, increasing unemployement and reduction of social budgets exert a depressive influence. In these countries, people are confronted not only with an adaptation crisis to the new rules of society, but with a real cultural revolution: the eastern family pattern comes into conflict with new economic requirements.