Placements des ménages en Europe : le rôle des intermédiaires financiers se transforme en profondeur

摘要

The adoption of common accounting bases to present European countries' financial statistics opens up a wide range of comparative study possibilities. Huge behavioural disparities, albeit with a certain number of common developments, are found in household savings. From a structural point of view, the initial distribution of financial assets among the different categories of directly held securities and the different financial intermediaries is marked by economic and social choices that govern or have governed the countries studied. Take, for example, the massive holding of government bonds in Italy, the weight of traditional banking intermediation in Germany, and the extent of investments with insurers and pension funds in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. On the dynamic level, the main development in recent years is the downturn in classic banking intermediation in all the countries studied to the benefit of the other financial intermediaries (unit trusts, insurers and pension funds). The growth in non-bank intermediaries over the 1995-1999 period has played a crucial role in steering capital towards the stock markets and the international diversification of portfolios. Overall, European households' financial assets are generally invested more in shares and foreign assets, which implies an increase in risk for savers. Nevertheless, financing the domestic debt remains the rule in the German-speaking and southern European countries.