La gestion durable des réserves naturelles en zone montagnarde – Etudes de cas : La réserve naturelle des Hauts de Chartreuse (Alpes françaises) et la réserve naturelle de L'épicéa de résonance de Lăpuşna (Carpates Orientales).

摘要

The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate how local population could sustainable manage the mountain areas such as the natural elements to be protected and to assure the needs of its utilization. We have chosen two study cases: the natural reserve “The Lapusna epicea wood natural reserve” (The Orientals Carpathians) and “The natural reserve Les Hauts des Chartreuse” (French Alps). The common aspect of the two natural reserves is the forest ecosystems importance role: the Romanian natural reserve is a European interest forest ecosystem and the French reserve has 45% of total surface covered by European interest arboretum. To study these natural reserves, inside their territory, we applied two methods: 1) the first one is ecological footprint calculation, aiming to evaluate if the resources local population demand is a threat for biocapacity of the natural reserve and 2) the second one is the accessibility study in both reserve, main vector of the visitors flux. The values of the ecological footprint of the populations who lives in the nearness of the two natural reserves point out the intensity of the human pressure to the natural reserve resources, because the consumption overcomes the disposed biocapacity.