Du tesson au système territorial : une approche multiscalaire de l'occupation du sol dans la vallée de la Vienne autour de L'Ile-Bouchard (Indre-et-Loire)

摘要

This study aims at understanding the processes of transformation of the landscape and the settlement for a given territory by highlighting the evolutions of the observed phenomena and their coming to an end, so as to restore the dynamics of settlement on a diachronic scale over a long period of time . The space studied includes the communes of Tavant, l'Ile-Bouchard and Crouzilles situated in the Vienne valley, in the département of Indre et Loire, altogether covering an area of 2332 hectares, inscribed within a rectangle with a surface area of about 5500 hectares. The progression adopted here is based on geographic scales fitting into each other. It was dictated by the spatiotemporal rhythms characteristic of each of the sources exploited – textual, material, morphological and paleoenvironmental sources—and the practical constraints which the researcher has to submit to and which determine the framework of geographical and chronological observation, supposed to be representative of the whole area. The general process consisting in mixing the sources according to the territory system appears to be the suitable framework for a multidisciplinary and diachronic study, since it allows to respect and handle the space-time rhythms of each source, and also because it establishes the basis for a modelling of the history of the settlement in the Vienne valley from protohistory to the present times . However, a critical exploitation of the various sources of information was necessary for the territorial system to take shape through partial knowledge of the organisation of the geographic space and of the influence of human agents on the political and institutional man-occupied space.