Choix de localisation des entreprises, intervention publique et efficacité urbaine : Une analyse théorique et empirique de la réglementation des choix de localisation des activités de bureau en Île-de-France

摘要

office real estate in the Paris region, as an instrument of land settlement, as a mean to promote job accessibility and regional economic efficiency. The main message of the dissertation is that although it seems justify from a theoretical point of view, the land use regulation enforced by the Paris region participates in worsening its economic efficiency. I show that the evolution of the spatial distribution of office activities since 1990 was accompanied by a decrease in the effective size of the office labor market. The degradation of the average conditions of job accessibility is responsible for an annual cost amounting to three billion euros in 2004, which represents 0.6% of the regional GDP. Using techniques of spatial econometrics, I test the impact of the statutory and tax devices set up by the regional land use policy and identify the determinants of the spatial distribution of new office buildings. The results show that the impact of policy devices on the location of office activities is very limited.I conclude that, contrary to the founders' principles of the regional development policy, the regulation of the location of office activities did not put an end to existing cleavages in economic and urban development. It did neither manage to correct the territorial disparities as regards access to employment, nor to improve the economic efficiency of the Paris region.