Évaluation et réduction des impacts écologiques liés à la consommation des ménages : conception méthodologique et application au Pays Cœur Entre-deux-Mers, Gironde, France

摘要

The aim of this thesis is to strengthen the conceptual and methodological foundations of ecoresponsible consumption. These notions are then applied to the peri-urban area of the “Pays Cœur Entre-deux-Mers” (Gironde, France) in order to provide the main societal actors with some elements to help them towards a better understanding of ways to promote and evaluate ecoresponsible consumption. This is an exploratory process based on the ecology of the family; it involves a multi-disciplinary approach studying interactions between households and ecosystems, via activities carried out within family and public ecospheres, and in relation to many peripheral actors. First, we used family eco-balance-sheets to reinforce the ecological foundations of ecoresponsible consumption: intensity of impacts, intra-family dynamics, inter-family diversity and links between flows of matter and energy. Next, a survey was carried out among local citizens (n=107) which revealed their diversity of expertise and environmental responsibilities, and also enabled us to determine the influence of informational, psychosociological, contextual and personal factors. At the same time, a survey was carried out among local elected representatives (n=67) and this gave us a better understanding of their action strategies and their concerns, by bringing to light difficulties surrounding environmental expertise, their levels of personal expertise, the need for operational resources and the perception of a considerable degree of risk, associated in particular with the wide diversity of households. These results showed up areas on which to focus in order to improve public policies aimed at strengthening ecoresponsible consumption, in particular through the example given by public departments, support from auxiliary structures, by training political decision-makers, informing and educating citizens, and using environmental consumption indicators.