To rehabilitate the road or how to make of a road project an urban project. Ambitions and contradictions.
The case of Marseille.

摘要

The transport infrastructures have a double effect on territory. On one side it creates a link, to connect people but on an other side it consumes space, and can be an urban cut. It requires a reflexion on the potential integration of infrastructures, especially in urban area. Many researchs underline the efforts made to reconcile transport and town planning. In France since the 2000's, the creation of new tools (ex. SCOT) carry on this objective of cohesion and coordination between two policies (transport and habitat). It's one of the main challenge of urban planning.The object of this paper is to consider, from a case of road infrastructure in urban area, how our ways of planning have evolved. Considering sustainability challenge, how to integrate a motorway in a densely populated district? How to develop a road project in the heart of an urban renovation project?My hypothesis is that the oppositions and disconnections continue, in spite of a strong ambition from the actors implied in the project and despite the tools to connect transport and urban projects. In particular the conflicts are revealed by the question of funding. This work is based on a case study: the L2 by-pass in Marseille. This highway link (not completed) is supposed to pass through the North districts. The road project must be an opportunity for a renovation of the poorest districts of Marseille. The timeline profile project and the stakeholders analysis were made from planning documents and interviews with most of the actors invovled in the project. The result of this study shows that the ambitions of coordination are slowed down by a lack of means. Road project and urban project continue to be done separately and to advance according to different rhythms.We will reconsider first the design of the road project, from an urban cut to an integrated and sustainable road. Then we will analyze the challenge raised by the articulation between road and urban projects, and the complexity which results. Finally we will try to explain the separate developments of the two projects.