Vrais chômeurs et vrais sportifs : le sport face au chômage comme instrument disciplinaire ou support de tactiques identitaires : des catégories sociales en jeu

摘要

What a true sportsman? What a true unemployed person? Here are two questions answers of which can hardly make general agreement. The definitions of the categories of sports and unemployment you plural, changeable or even controversial. By studying the sports practices of the unemployed persons, the objective of this work is to give light reports between two social categories which seem to be without report. In other words, what are the links which are established between sports and unemployment? An observation participant, within two practice of sports for beneficiaries of the “RMI”, allows to reveal an institutional register of categorization. In spite of their character of exception, this practice of sports seems to be conceived in a perspective of activation of the individuals. Sports are envisaged as a contractual activity there soliciting responsibility and self-government of the individual. It is about a knowledge there on sports which is consubstantiel of a power which practises all the more efficiently on the individuals as these are more stimulated by the group dynamics and recognition than compelled. Moreover, these trainees have for common to be identified, by their social referents, as individuals in bad health. Facing what sports are a contractual activity aiming at giving a sense of responsibility to the report in the body and finally covering a capacity to be engaged. 59 semi-directive discussions (among which 21 with trainees, 22 with unemployed persons doing sports outside the institution and 16 with unemployed persons not doing sports) being analyzed by a structural method aiming at making appear the categories of the individuals. A lot of links between the categories of sports and unemployment so appeared, giving rise to a typography of self-defining tactics. This typography reveals several forms of report between the individual and the institution and, by extension, mechanisms of social building of reality