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Impact of ecotourism on the fish fauna of Bonito region (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil): ecological, behavioural and physiological measures

机译:生态旅游对博尼图地区(巴西南马托格罗索州)鱼类区系的影响:生态,行为和生理措施

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摘要

Bonito, in Mato Grosso do Sul State, is an important destination for ecotourism in Brazil and the main challenge of sustainable ecotourism here has been to accommodate and adjust the increase of tourism without compromising the ecological integrity of the local ecosystems. In this study we aimed to assess the environmental impact of ecotourism on the fish fauna of Sucuri River in Bonito by integrating ecological, behaviour and physiological criteria and using the fish species Crenicichla lepidota and Moenkhausia bonita as indicators. Two distinct sites were defined to collect data: (1) affected daily by ecotourism (Tourism) and (2) undisturbed (No Tourism). The "stationary point count" method was performed to assess variations in ecological parameters and "ad libitum" and focal animal methods were used to collect behaviour data. The cortisol response of M. bonita to a stress protocol was measured from holding-water. Results showed a significantly increase in species richness, density and diversity at the Tourism site. Nevertheless, behaviour patterns indicated a higher stress at the Tourism site for both species as well higher cortisol levels for M. bonita. In opposition to the ecological measures, the behaviour and physiological ones may be interpreted as an early sign of negative impact caused by ecotourism, prior to changes at community level.
机译:位于南马托格罗索州的博尼图(Bonito)是巴西生态旅游的重要目的地,而这里可持续生态旅游的主要挑战一直是在不损害当地生态系统生态完整性的前提下容纳和调整旅游业的增长。在这项研究中,我们旨在通过整合生态,行为和生理标准,并以鱼类Crenicichla lepidota和Moenkhausia bonita为指标,评估生态旅游对Bonito Sucuri河鱼类区系的环境影响。定义了两个不同的站点来收集数据:(1)每天受到生态旅游的影响(旅游)和(2)不受干扰的旅游(无旅游)。进行“静止点计数”方法以评估生态参数的变化,并“随意”使用局灶动物方法收集行为数据。博尼塔分枝杆菌对应激方案的皮质醇反应是从持水量中测得的。结果表明,旅游点的物种丰富度,密度和多样性显着增加。然而,行为模式表明这两个物种在旅游点的压力都较高,而博尼塔分支的皮质醇水平较高。与生态措施相反,行为和生理措施可能被解释为在社区一级发生变化之前生态旅游造成负面影响的早期迹象。

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