Diversité des consciences ouvrières à l'ère des pragmatismes : L'ouvrier de l'État-nation versus l'ouvrier de la Glocalisation. Une étude sur le cas des ouvriers d'Isdemir, de Petkim et de la TTK en Turquie

摘要

This sociology thesis is about the clarification of specific dynamics of pluralization and fragmentation, which determine worker's subjectivities, in the light of sui generis neo-liberalization process in Turkey. Trough the data gathered during a field research on the mine workers of Zonguldak, workers of petrochemical industry of Petkim and workers of steel industry of Isdemir, we aim at studying the opposition between nation-state worker and glocalization worker. Throughout the first chapter we examine the different moments of neo-liberalization in the context of Turkey and also the "class struggle" that took place there around the wave of privatization after the year 2000. From our point of view, it is a class struggle between the market movement (represented by the "Muslim" entrepreneurship relying mostly on export) and regulation movement (represented chiefly by the State establishment and also by the great capital-owner class). The main objective of these sections of the thesis is to show how the Hero and Merchants compete with each other during the first decade of 21st century, and also the ideological and political consequences of this rivalry upon the social space. The final section is dealing with the various positions taken by the worker's union towards the same process: rapprochement between the nationalist unionism and the opposition unionism on the privatization matter against the unionism of glocalization. In the chapter concerning the field research, the worker's space is described on the basis of antagonism of affects experienced by the surveyed workers, facing the societal changes on the one hand, and transformation of the working conditions on the other: In this analysis hope, deception, security, desperation revealed themselves as the four affects that workers feels during the neo-liberalization process in Turkey. The last section of the second chapter contains some observations about the prevailing affects in the two ideal-types of worker: the deception of the nation-state worker, which leads him to positioning alongside with the Hero or to choose defeatism; the hope of glocalization worker, which brings him more and closer to Merchant even though he keeps on seeing several sources of fear threatening the realization of his hopes. Finally, this work, which aims to show the cleavages among the workers, wants also lead to this particular conclusion: the glocalization worker is as much as an "actor" in the construction of the contemporary society as the nation-state worker was before, and the nation-state worker was as "subordinated" as the glocalization worker is nowadays.