L'analyse ergonomique des besoins en amont de la conception de technologies émergente: le cas de la Réalité Augmentée pour la formation à la maintenance automobile

摘要

The goal of this PhD work is to compare the advantages and the disadvantages of different methods used for user-needs analysis in early design of an emerging technology, namely Augmented Reality (AR). This technology should be applied to the training of automotive maintenance technicians. After a literature review on the ergonomics issues of AR for maintenance and training, we present four studies using three methods for user-needs analysis (semi-directed interviews, observation-based task analysis in real training sessions and user-tests of an AR prototype). The results of our studies show that nowadays technicians' and trainers' activity is mainly centred on fault diagnosis. From a methodological perspective, we conclude that all these methods help the elicitation of clear and conscious user needs. In conclusion, we propose several directions for the analysis of unconscious user requirements, which usually characterize users' position in early design of emerging technologies.