Genetic structure of Parnassius mnemosyne (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) populations in the Carpathian Basin

摘要

The udpatteudrn of genetic variation in a butterflyudspeciesuddependudsudon the paudst history of the given ud2udspeciesudand udalso onudrecent evolutionary processes affecting its populationsud. udThe aim of the ud3udprudesent study udwasud(i) to analyse the enzyme polymorphism in the udClouded Apolloudpopulations ud4udof the udCarpathian Basin to reveal the contemporary pattern of their genetic differentiation and ud5ud(ii) to compare it with an expanded mtDNA haplotype network of the SE Euduropean ud6udpopulations. udAllozyme polymorphism was analysed in 22 populations of four geographic ud7udregions: Transdanubian (udTMud) and NorthudHungarian Mountains ud(udNMud), Körös (KÖR) and Bereg ud8ud–udApuseni ud–udEast Carpathian regions (BEAC). udThe results of udthe udBayesian clustudering analyses ud9udbased on allozymeudsudsupported the presence of udthreeudmain genetic lineages in the Carpathian ud10udBasinud:udoudne was typical for udTMud, udanother udwas characteristic for udNM udand the third cluster was ud11udpredominant in KudÖR. udTudhe populations of BEACudharboured a mixudture of two clusters. The ud12udmtDNA haplotype network suggested a fairly similar distribution: udthe periud-udAlpine udcladeud13udtogether with the West Balkan clade was detected in udTMud, while the East Balkan clade occurred ud14udin udNMud, partly in TR and in the two eastern regionsudof the Basin (KÖR and BAEC). The ud15udincongruities between the results of the mtDNA and allozyme studies can be explained by the ud16uddifferent time scales represented by the two udmarkers. udThe mtDNA haplotype network provided ud17udstrong evidence concerning the existencude of two Balkan lineagesud,udwhich probably formed a ud18ud“zone of admixture” in the Transdanubian and NorthudHungarian Mountainsud. The possibility of ud19udLast Glacial survival of udP. mnemosyneudin the Carpathian Basin udand the udconservation ud20udimplicationsudof these results arudeuddiscussed.