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Quantitative genetic analysis of brain size variation in sticklebacks: support for the mosaic model of brain evolution

机译:棘背式大脑大小变化的定量遗传分析:支持大脑进化的镶嵌模型

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摘要

The mosaic model of brain evolution postulates that different brain regions are relatively free to evolve independently from each other. Such independent evolution is possible only if genetic correlations among the different brain regions are less than unity. We estimated heritabilities, evolvabilities and genetic correlations of relative size of the brain, and its different regions in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We found that heritabilities were low (average h2 = 0.24), suggesting a large plastic component to brain architecture. However, evolvabilities of different brain parts were moderate, suggesting the presence of additive genetic variance to sustain a response to selection in the long term. Genetic correlations among different brain regions were low (average rG = 0.40) and significantly less than unity. These results, along with those from analyses of phenotypic and genetic integration, indicate a high degree of independence between different brain regions, suggesting that responses to selection are unlikely to be severely constrained by genetic and phenotypic correlations. Hence, the results give strong support for the mosaic model of brain evolution. However, the genetic correlation between brain and body size was high (rG = 0.89), suggesting a constraint for independent evolution of brain and body size in sticklebacks.
机译:大脑进化的镶嵌模型假定不同的大脑区域相对自由地相互独立地进化。仅当不同大脑区域之间的遗传相关性小于统一性时,这种独立进化才有可能。我们估计了三棘棘背鱼(Gasterosteus aculeatus)的相对大小以及其相对区域的遗传力,进化能力和遗传相关性。我们发现遗传力很低(平均h2 = 0.24),表明大脑结构有很大的塑性成分。但是,大脑不同部位的进化能力中等,这表明存在附加遗传变异以长期维持对选择的反应。不同大脑区域之间的遗传相关性很低(平均rG = 0.40),并且远小于统一。这些结果以及对表型和遗传整合的分析得出的结果表明,不同大脑区域之间的高度独立性,表明对选择的反应不太可能受到遗传和表型相关性的严重制约。因此,结果为脑进化的镶嵌模型提供了有力的支持。然而,大脑和体型之间的遗传相关性很高(rG = 0.89),这提示了棘背类动物的大脑和体型的独立进化受到限制。

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