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Biodiversity on Broadway - Enigmatic Diversity of the Societies of Ants (Formicidae) on the Streets of New York City

机译:百老汇上的生物多样性-纽约市街道上的蚂蚁(Formicidae)社团的神秘多样性

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摘要

Each year, a larger proportion of the Earth's surface is urbanized, and a larger proportion of the people on Earth lives in those urban areas. The everyday nature, however, that humans encounter in cities remains poorly understood. Here, we consider perhaps the most urban green habitat, street medians. We sampled ants from forty-four medians along three boulevards in New York City and examined how median properties affect the abundance and species richness of native and introduced ants found on them. Ant species richness varied among streets and increased with area but was independent of the other median attributes measured. Ant assemblages were highly nested, with three numerically dominant species present at all medians and additional species present at a subset of medians. The most common ant species were the introduced Pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum) and the native Thief ant (Solenopsis molesta) and Cornfield ant (Lasius neoniger). The common introduced species on the medians responded differently to natural and disturbed elements of medians. Tetramorium caespitum was most abundant in small medians, with the greatest edge/area ratio, particularly if those medians had few trees, whereas Nylanderia flavipes was most abundant in the largest medians, particularly if they had more trees. Many of the species encountered in Manhattan were similar to those found in other large North American cities, such that a relatively small subset of ant species probably represent most of the encounters humans have with ants in North America.
机译:每年,地球表面的大部分地区都被城市化了,地球上更大比例的人生活在这些城市地区。然而,人们在城市中遇到的日常天性仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们认为可能是最城市的绿色栖息地,即街道中位数。我们从纽约市三条林荫大道的四十四个中位数中取样了蚂蚁,并研究了中值属性如何影响在其上发现的原生和引进蚂蚁的丰度和物种丰富度。街道上蚂蚁的物种丰富度各不相同,并随面积的增加而增加,但与其他中值属性无关。蚂蚁组合高度嵌套,在所有中位数存在三个数字优势物种,在中位数子集存在其他物种。最常见的蚂蚁种类是引入的路面蚂蚁(Tetramorium caespitum)和本地小偷蚂蚁(Solenopsis molesta)和玉米田蚂蚁(Lasius neoniger)。中位数上常见的引入物种对中位数的自然和干扰元素的反应不同。在较小的中位数中,四合麦座最丰富,边缘/面积比最大,尤其是在那些中位数的树木很少的情况下,而Nylanderia flavipes在最大的中位数时最丰富,尤其是如果它们的树木更多。在曼哈顿遇到的许多物种与在北美其他大城市中发现的物种相似,因此,相对较小的蚂蚁物种子集可能代表了人类与北美蚂蚁的大部分遭遇。

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