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The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance

机译:褐藻(藻类)的卤代代谢,生物学意义及其环境意义

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摘要

Brown algae represent a major component of littoral and sublittoral zones in temperate and subtropical ecosystems. An essential adaptive feature of this independent eukaryotic lineage is the ability to couple oxidative reactions resulting from exposure to sunlight and air with the halogenations of various substrates, thereby addressing various biotic and abiotic stresses i.e., defense against predators, tissue repair, holdfast adhesion, and protection against reactive species generated by oxidative processes. Whereas marine organisms mainly make use of bromine to increase the biological activity of secondary metabolites, some orders of brown algae such as Laminariales have also developed a striking capability to accumulate and to use iodine in physiological adaptations to stress. We review selected aspects of the halogenated metabolism of macrophytic brown algae in the light of the most recent results, which point toward novel functions for iodide accumulation in kelps and the importance of bromination in cell wall modifications and adhesion properties of brown algal propagules. The importance of halogen speciation processes ranges from microbiology to biogeochemistry, through enzymology, cellular biology and ecotoxicology.
机译:褐藻是温带和亚热带生态系统中沿海和亚沿海地区的主要组成部分。这种独立的真核生物谱系的基本适应性特征是能够将暴露于阳光和空气中的氧化反应与各种底物的卤化反应耦合在一起,从而解决各种生物和非生物胁迫,例如,抵抗天敌,组织修复,持久附着和防止氧化过程产生的反应性物质。海洋生物主要利用溴来增加次生代谢产物的生物活性,而一些褐藻(例如海带)也具有惊人的积累能力,可以利用碘进行生理适应以缓解压力。根据最新结果,我们回顾了大型褐藻的卤代代谢的选定方面,这些方面指出了海带中碘化物积累的新功能以及溴化在褐藻繁殖体的细胞壁修饰和粘附特性中的重要性。卤素形成过程的重要性从微生物学到生物地球化学,再到酶学,细胞生物学和生态毒理学。

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