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Extended Parental Care in Communal Social Groups

机译:社区社会团体中的扩大父母照料

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摘要

Recent developments in social insect research have challenged the need for close kinship as a prerequisite for the evolution of stable group living. In a model communal bee species, Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) hemichalceum, previous allozyme work indicated that groups of cooperating adult females are not relatives. Yet at any given time, not all group members perform the risky task of foraging. We previously hypothesized that tolerance for non-foragers was a component of extended parental care, previously known only for kin based social systems. DNA microsatellites were used to study colony genetic structure in order to test this hypothesis. Microsatellite polymorphism was substantial (He = 0.775). Overall intracolony relatedness, mainly of immatures, was low but significant in nine, late season nests (r = 0.136 ± 0.023), indicating that broods contain five to six unrelated sib ships. Detailed analyses of kinship between pairs of individuals revealed that most pairs were unrelated and most related pairs were siblings. Mothers are absent for 89–91% of the developing immature females, and 97% of developing males. Alternatively, 46% of adult females had neither sibs nor offspring in their nests. These findings indicate that the extended parental care model applies broadly to both kin based and nonkin based social systems in the Hymenoptera.
机译:社会昆虫研究的最新发展挑战了近亲的需求,这是稳定群体生活发展的先决条件。在典型的公共蜜蜂物种Lasioglossum(Chilalictus)hemichalceum中,以前的同工酶工作表明,成年合作雌性成群不是亲属。然而,在任何给定时间,并不是所有的小组成员都执行冒险的觅食任务。我们以前假设对非觅食者的宽容是扩展父母照顾的一个组成部分,以前只对基于亲属的社会系统知道。为了检验这一假设,使用了DNA微卫星来研究菌落的遗传结构。微卫星多态性很高(He = 0.775)。总体上,未成熟的殖民地内相关性很低,但在九个晚季巢中很显着(r = 0.136±0.023),表明育雏群中有五到六个不相关的同胞船。对成对的个体之间的亲属关系的详细分析表明,大多数成对的个体是不相关的,而大多数成亲的对是兄弟姐妹。 89-91%的发育中的未成熟女性和97%的发育中的男性没有母亲。另外,有46%的成年雌性在巢中既没有同胞也没有后代。这些发现表明,扩展的父母照护模式广泛适用于膜翅目中的基于亲属和基于非亲属的社会系统。

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