Influência da paridade na adaptação da transição para a maternidade em grávidas infectadas pelo VIH e grávidas sem condição médica associada

摘要

In the present empirical study, we intend to determine the influence of parity in the adaptation in transition to motherhood among HIV-positive pregnant women and pregnant women without associated medical risk. Ninety-eight women (47 HIV-positive and pregnant women and 51 pregnant women without medical risk) were assessed during the second trimester of pregnancy and 2 to 4 days postpartum. The assessment protocol consisted of social-demographic, clinical and obstetric grids; and self-report questionnaires designed to assess psychological symptom patterns (Brief Symptom Inventory), emotional reactivity (Emotional Assessment Scale), and quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref). Our results showed that multiparity is associated with worse adaptation in the transition to motherhood, more prominently among HIV-infected women. The highest discriminative power, regarding parity, was observed in the Social Relationships and Environment domains, in the general facet of quality of life as well as in the dimension Anxiety. Throughout time, the highest individual stability was reported among multiparous women and the lowest stability was observed in HIV-infected primiparous women. Our findings supported the existence of different patterns and trajectories of adaptation for primiparous and multiparous women and, essentially, suggested the importance of differential interventions concerning each group.